In fact, 95% of the world's population is concentrated on just 10% of the world's land. Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are city-states, microstates and urban dependencies. The European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) has developed a suite of (open and free) data and tools named the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) to improve the science for policy support to the European Commission Directorate Generals and Services and as support to the United Nations system. World environments map provided for comparison with maps above However, if Antarctica is excluded, then population density rises to over 58 per square kilometre (150/sq mi). This includes all continental and island land area, including Antarctica. However, if only the Earth's land area of 150,000,000 km 2 (58,000,000 sq mi) is taken into account, then human population density is 53/km 2 (140/sq mi). Commonly this is calculated for a county, city, country, another territory or the entire world. Population density is the number of people per unit of area, usually transcribed as 'per square kilometer' or square mile, and which may include or exclude, for example, areas of water or glaciers. Main article: List of countries and dependencies by population density

Human densities Population density (people per square kilometre) by country, 2006 Population density (people per square kilometre) map of the world in 2005 Increased problems with locating sexual mates.Examples of the causes of reduced fertility in low population densities are: This is called the Allee effect after the scientist who identified it. Low densities may cause an extinction vortex and further reduce fertility. Population density is population divided by total land area, sometimes including seas and oceans, as appropriate. It is mostly applied to humans, but sometimes to other living organisms too. Population density (in agriculture: standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. In relation to the equator it is seen that the vast majority of human population lives in the Northern Hemisphere, where 67% of Earth's land area is. Population density (people per square kilometre) by country in 2023 Population density (people per square kilometre) map of the world in 1994.

Measurement of population per unit area or unit volume

Map of us population density